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Humans and Neanderthals May Have Shared Jewelry Designs

Pendants made from cave bear teeth are among the items found with the earliest modern human fossils in a cave in Bulgaria.

By Charles Choi
May 19, 2020 2:00 PMMar 16, 2023 8:56 PM
personalornaments bonetools fullwidth
The artifacts on the left are jewelry and bone tools from Bacho Kiro Cave in Bulgaria, created by Homo sapiens (modern humans) about 45,000 years ago. The artifacts on the right are slightly more recent jewelry and bone tools created by Neanderthals and found in Grotte du Renne in France. (Credit: Rosen Spasov and Geoff Smith, MPI-EVA Leipzig/CC-BY-SA 2.0)

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(Inside Science) — The earliest modern human fossils and artifacts ever unearthed from Europe reveal ancient humans may have inspired or taught Neanderthals to make jewelry, a new study finds.

Much remains unknown about when modern humans entered Europe. Previous research suggested the earliest modern human artifacts on the continent, which included bone flutes and ivory figurines, belonged to the so-called Aurignacian tradition, and "the oldest dates we had of the Aurignacian in western Europe went back to about 42,000 to 43,000 years ago," said Jean-Jacques Hublin, a paleoanthropologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.

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